Methods and systems for detecting attempts to access personal information on mobile communications devices

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are disclosed for managing personal data on a mobile communications device in which personal data stored at one or more locations on the mobile communications device is identified by a policy management module on the mobile communications device. A policy is then created based on the identified personal data. The policy management module on the mobile communications device monitors at least the personal data stored in the one or more locations on the mobile communications device and detects attempts to access the monitored data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/473,252, filed on Mar. 29, 2017, and entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FORCREATING A POLICY FOR MANAGING PERSONAL DATA ON A MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSDEVICE,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/063,342, filed on Oct. 25, 2013 and entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FORCREATING AND ASSIGNING A POLICY FOR A MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE BASEDON PERSONAL DATA,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,642,008, which are herebyincorporated by reference along with all other references cited in thisapplication.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to policies. In some embodiments, thedisclosure relates to creating and assigning a policy for a mobilecommunications device based on personal data.

BACKGROUND

Conventional data security systems and methods may be designed toprevent the leakage (e.g., unauthorized access or transmission) of data.Such conventional systems and methods typically generate and implementsecurity measures for a business or enterprise environment. Acorporation may wish to restrict access to sensitive material stored ona corporate computer or server. For example, the corporation may wish torestrict access to private corporate information, intellectual property,financial documents, and customer information. A security measure may becreated and implemented in order to restrict access to this type ofsensitive information.

Examples of such security measures include implementing a firewall,intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, or other such systemsto prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. Other types ofconventional security measures include the utilization of machinelearning algorithms to identify abnormal access of sensitive data,monitoring of computer system behavior, and mechanisms to detectunauthorized attempts to copy sensitive information.

However, such conventional data security systems and methods are notsuitable for use with a mobile communications device. For example, thetype of data associated with the mobile communications device tends tobe personal data of a user of the device as opposed to corporate orenterprise level information. As such, what is needed are systems andmethods for creating and assigning a policy to a device. For example, apolicy may be created based on personal data and/or personal use of amobile communications device and the policy may be used to prevent theunauthorized access or leakage of personal data on the mobilecommunications device.

SUMMARY

In some embodiments, a method may identify one or more locations forstoring data on a mobile communications device and identify personaldata stored at the one or more locations on the mobile communicationsdevice. The method may further generate a policy for the mobilecommunications device based on the personal data and identify a set ofpersonal data associated with the mobile communications device based onthe policy. A set of personal data on the mobile communications devicemay be monitored and an access of the monitored set of personal data byan application executed on the mobile communications device may bedetected. The method may be performed by the mobile communicationsdevice, a server, or a combination of both. For example, some of thesteps of the method may be performed by the mobile communications deviceand other steps of the method may be performed by the server.

In some embodiments, the identifying of the set of personal data on themobile communications device is based on using the policy to identifyadditional personal data stored on the mobile communications device. Inthe same or alternative embodiments, the set of personal data includesthe identified personal data stored at the one or more locations on themobile communications device and the identified additional personaldata. Furthermore, the personal data may include data from at least oneof a contacts database, email database, a database containingcommunications received or transmitted by the mobile communicationsdevice, or location information of the mobile communications device. Insome embodiments, the step of detecting the access of the monitored datainvolves determining if the access resulted in a transmission of atleast part of the monitored set of personal data from the mobilecommunications device. In the same or alternative embodiments, theapplication is associated with a container wrapper and the step ofdetecting the access of the monitored set of personal data is based onan interface of the container wrapper. For example, the application maybe contained within the container wrapper and instances of theapplication interacting with an interface of the container wrapper(e.g., through a function call to access personal data external to thecontainer wrapper) may be identified. In alternative embodiments, themonitored set of personal data is associated with a container wrapperand the step of detecting the access of the monitored set of personaldata is based on an interface of the container wrapper. For example, themonitored personal data may be contained within the container wrapperand instances of the application interacting with the interface of thecontainer wrapper (e.g., through a function call to the containerwrapper to access the personal data) may be identified.

In some embodiments, a method may identify personal data associated witha mobile communications device and receive an analysis associated withthe mobile communications device from a server. A policy for the mobilecommunications device may be generated based on the personal dataassociated with the mobile communications device and the analysis fromthe server. The policy may be assigned to the mobile communicationsdevice and data on the mobile communications device may be monitoredbased on the policy. Furthermore, an access of the monitored data by anapplication that is executed on the mobile communications device may bedetected. In some embodiments, the mobile communications deviceidentifies the personal data associated with the mobile communicationsdevice and transmits the identification of the personal data to a serverthat generates the policy. In an alternative embodiment, the mobilecommunications device generates the policy after identifying thepersonal data and receiving the analysis from the server.

In some embodiments, the analysis from the server is at least partlybased on one or more applications installed on the mobile communicationsdevice. Furthermore, the analysis may be at least partly based on knownaccess to data performed by at least one application installed on themobile communications device.

In some embodiments, a method may identify a first set of personal dataassociated with a mobile communications device and create a policy basedon the first set of personal data associated with the mobilecommunications device. A second set of personal data associated with themobile communications device may be identified based on the policy. Thesecond set of personal data may comprise the first set of personal dataand additional personal data. The second set of personal data associatedwith the mobile communications device may be monitored and access of thesecond set of personal data by at least one application executed on themobile communications device may be detected.

In some embodiments, a notification of the detecting of access of thesecond set of personal data may be displayed. The notification mayidentify the application accessing the second set of personal data andan option to allow for the access or not allow the access.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of an example system for creating andassigning a policy for an electronic device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device in accordancewith some embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a policy management system ormodule to create and assign a policy to an electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method of using personaldata and a policy in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method to create andassign a policy to an electronic device in accordance with someembodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method to create apolicy based on personal data stored on a device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method to create apolicy based on personal data associated with a device and server data.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example method to monitor data and record accessof the monitored data based on a policy in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a personal data access reportdisplaying access to personal data that is monitored based on a policyin accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example graphical user interface notifying a userof an attempt to access monitored personal data in accordance with someembodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure may be implemented in numerous ways including,but not limited to, as a process, an apparatus, a system, a device, amethod, or a computer readable medium such as a non-transitory computerreadable storage medium containing computer readable instructions orcomputer program code, or a computer network wherein computer readableinstructions or computer program code are sent over optical orelectronic communication links. Applications, software programs orcomputer readable instructions may be referred to as components ormodules. Applications may take the form of software executing on ageneral purpose computer or be hardwired or hard coded in hardware.Applications may also be downloaded in whole or in part through the useof a software development kit, framework, or toolkit that enables thecreation and implementation of the present disclosure. Applications mayalso include web applications, which include components that run on thedevice in a web browser. In this specification, these implementations,or any other form that the disclosure may take, may be referred to astechniques. In general, the order of the steps of disclosed methods maybe altered within the scope of the disclosure, except in those instanceswhere it is specified that the order of steps must be in a particularsequence.

As used herein, the term “mobile communications device” may refer tomobile phones, PDAs and smartphones. The term “mobile communicationsdevice” may also refer to a class of laptop computers which run anoperating system that is also used on mobile phones, PDAs, orsmartphones. Such laptop computers are often designed to operate with acontinuous connection to a cellular network or to the internet via awireless link. The term “mobile communications device” excludes otherlaptop computers, notebook computers, or sub-notebook computers that donot run an operating system that is also used on mobile phones, PDAs,and smartphones. Specifically, mobile communications devices includedevices for which wireless communications services such as voice,messaging, data, or other wireless Internet capabilities are a primaryfunction.

As used herein, a “mobile communications device” may also be referred toas a “device,” “mobile device,” “mobile client,” “electronic device,” or“handset.” However, a person having skill in the art will appreciatethat while the present disclosure refers to systems and methods beingused on mobile communications devices, the present disclosure may alsobe used on other computing platforms including, but not limited to,desktop, laptop, notebook, netbook, or server computers.

As used herein, the term “client computer” may refer to any computer,embedded device, mobile device, or other system that can be used toperform the functionality described as being performed by the clientcomputer. Specifically, client computers include devices which can beused to display a user interface by which the functionality provided bythe server can be utilized by a user. Client computers may be able todisplay a web page, load an application, load a widget, or perform otherdisplay functionality that allows the client computer to reportinformation from the server to the user and to receive input from theuser in order to send requests to the server.

Prior to describing in detail systems and methods for creating andassigning a policy for an electronic device based on personal data, asystem in which the disclosure may be implemented shall first bedescribed. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that theelements illustrated in FIG. 1 may vary depending on the systemimplementation.

As shown in FIG. 1, the system may include mobile communications devices101, 101 a and a server 111. An example mobile communications device 101may include an operating system 113, an input device 115, a radiofrequency transceiver(s) 116, a visual display 125, and a battery orpower supply 119. Each of these components may be coupled to a centralprocessing unit (CPU) 103. The mobile communications device operatingsystem 113 runs on the CPU 103 and enables interaction betweenapplication programs and the mobile communications device hardwarecomponents. In some embodiments, the mobile communications device 101receives data through an RF transceiver(s) 116 which may be able tocommunicate via various networks including, but not limited to,Bluetooth, local area networks such as Wi-Fi, and cellular networks suchas GSM or CDMA.

In some embodiments, a local software component 175 is an applicationprogram that is downloaded to a mobile communications device andinstalled so that it integrates with the operating system 113. Much ofthe source code for the local software component 175 can be re-usedbetween various mobile device platforms by using a cross-platformsoftware architecture. In such a system, the majority of softwarefunctionality can be implemented in a cross-platform core module. Thecross-platform core can be universal allowing it to interface withvarious mobile device operating systems by using a platform-specificmodule and a platform abstraction module that both interact with themobile device operating system 113, which is described in U.S. Pat. No.8,099,472, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A MOBILE CROSS-PLATFORMSOFTWARE SYSTEM,” incorporated herein by reference. In anotherembodiment, the local software component 175 can be device, platform oroperating system specific.

The mobile communications device 101 may access a communications network121 that permits access to a server 111. The server 111 may also beaccessed by another mobile communications device 101 a via network 121.The network 121 will normally be the Internet but can also be any othercommunications network. Alternatively, the mobile communications device101 may access the server 111 by a different network than the networkthe other mobile communications device 101 a accesses the server 111. Insome embodiments, the server 111 is provided with server software 117.The server software 117 on the server 111 provides functionality toallow two-way communication between the server 111 and the mobilecommunications devices 101, 101 a through the network 121. The serversoftware 117 allows data, such as location-related information,pictures, contacts, videos, SMS messages, call history, event logs, andsettings to be transferred from the mobile communications device 101 tothe other mobile communications device 101 a and vice versa.

It is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that thefunctionality performed by server 111 does not necessarily have to beaccomplished on a single hardware device. In this context, the use ofthe term server is intended to refer to one or more computers operatingin cooperation or collaboration to provide the functionality describedherein. The computers may be co-located or in different locations. Thecomputers may inter-operate in such a way that portions of functionalityare provided by separate services that may or may not be operated by thesame entity as other computers which provide other functionality. Forexample, one set of servers may provide data storage functionality whileanother provides all other functionality. The data storage servers maybe operated by a separate company than the servers that provide theother functionality. S3 (simple storage system), from Amazon, Inc. issuch a data storage service which may be utilized by separate set ofcomputers to enable the present invention.

It should be understood that the arrangement of electronic mobilecommunications device 101 illustrated in FIG. 1 is but one possibleimplementation and that other arrangements are possible. It should alsobe understood that the various system components defined by the claims,described below, and illustrated in the various block diagrams representlogical components that are configured to perform the functionalitydescribed herein. For example, one or more of these system components(and means) can be realized, in whole or in part, by at least some ofthe components illustrated in the arrangement of mobile communicationsdevice 101. In addition, while at least one of these components areimplemented at least partially as an electronic hardware component, andtherefore constitutes a machine, the other components may be implementedin software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreparticularly, at least one component defined by the claims isimplemented at least partially as an electronic hardware component, suchas an instruction execution machine (e.g., a processor-based orprocessor-containing machine) and/or as specialized circuits orcircuitry (e.g., discrete logic gates interconnected to perform aspecialized function), such as those illustrated in FIG. 1. Othercomponents may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination ofsoftware and hardware. Moreover, some or all of these other componentsmay be combined, some may be omitted altogether, and additionalcomponents can be added while still achieving the functionalitydescribed herein. Thus, the disclosure described herein can be embodiedin many different variations, and all such variations known to those ofordinary skill are contemplated to be within the scope of what isclaimed.

In the description that follows, the disclosure will be described withreference to acts and symbolic representations of operations that areperformed by one or more devices, unless indicated otherwise. As such,it will be understood that such acts and operations, which are at timesreferred to as being computer-executed, include the manipulation by theprocessing unit of data in a structured form. This manipulationtransforms the data or maintains it at locations in the memory system ofthe device, which reconfigures or otherwise alters the operation of thedevice in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art. The datastructures where data is maintained are physical locations of the memorythat have particular properties defined by the format of the data.However, while the disclosure is being described in the foregoingcontext, it is not meant to be limiting as those of skill in the artwill appreciate that various of the acts and operation describedhereinafter may also be implemented in hardware.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device 200 inaccordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. In general, theelectronic device 200 may comprise a plurality of modules and componentsincluding a policy management module to create and assign a policy.

As shown in FIG. 2, the electronic device 200 may be configured toprovide an execution environment to host at least one operating system201, a plurality of applications 202 and 203, and a file system 204. Insome embodiments, each of the plurality of applications 202 and 203 mayinclude executable code, which when executed by a processor (e.g., CPU103), may provide a service or function of the electronic device 200.Each of the plurality of applications 202 or 203 may be associated withat least a part of the application data 216. In the same or alternativeembodiments, one or more of the plurality of applications 202 or 203 mayaccess any of the file system 204 comprising file sources 206, 208, and210, application data 216, device data 218, camera 230, speaker 232,network interface 234, and sensor(s) 232. For example, the electronicdevice 200 may host or run a plurality of applications 202 and 203. Afirst application may access or retrieve data from application data 216and file source 206 from the file system 204. A second application mayaccess or retrieve data from the device data 218 and file sources 208and 210 from the file system 204. Furthermore, a third application mayretrieve data generated from the camera 230 and sensor(s) 232 and accessthe network interface 234. As such, each of the applications of theplurality of applications 202 and 203 may access various types of dataor files stored on the electronic device 200 as well as a functionality(e.g., camera 230, speaker 232, network interface 234, sensor(s) 232) ofthe electronic device 200.

In some embodiments, the electronic device 200 may also support theoperation of a policy management module 220 that may be responsible forcreating and assigning policies for the electronic device 200. In someembodiments, the policy management module 220 may operate in theelectronic device 200 as a client application hosted by the electronicdevice 200, as is shown in FIG. 2. In an alternative embodiment, thepolicy management module 220 may be provided by and integrated withinthe operating system 201 of the electronic device 200. In either of theembodiments, the policy management module 220 may be configured tomanage the creating and applying of policies described herein. Inanother embodiment, the policy management module 220 may operate on aserver in communication with the electronic device 200. For example, thepolicy management module 220 may be executed on a server and may createthe policy to be assigned to the electronic device 200. In someembodiments, the server may receive data (e.g., an identification ofpersonal data) from the electronic device 200, create a policy based onthe received data, and then transmit the policy to the electronic device200. In an alternative embodiment, functions of the policy managementmodule 220 may be distributed between the electronic device 200 and theserver. For example, certain components or modules of the policymanagement module 220 may be executed by the electronic device 200 whileother components or modules may be executed by the server. As such, boththe electronic device 200 and a server may perform actions associatedwith the creating and using of a policy as disclosed herein. Furtherdetails with regard to the policy management module 220 are discussed infurther detail below with relation to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, theapplication data 216, device data 218, and file system 204 with filesources 206, 208, and 210 may store a plurality of types of information,files, or data. Such information, files, or data may include sensitivepersonal data. As such, it may be desirable for the user of theelectronic device 200 to restrict access to such personal data and/or tobe notified when one or more applications from the plurality ofapplications 202 and 203 executing on the electronic device 200 accessthe personal data. In some embodiments, the policy management module 220executing on the electronic device 200 may identify the personal datastored on the electronic device 200, create a policy based on theidentified personal data, monitor the identified personal data based onthe policy, and report any access to the identified personal data basedon the policy.

Examples of the previously mentioned data include, but are not limitedto, personal data associated with the user of the electronic device 200.For example, the personal data may include personally identifiableinformation (PII) that may be used to identify the user of theelectronic device 200. In some embodiments, the PII may include anyinformation about the user of the electronic device 200 that can be usedto distinguish or trace the user's identity as well as information thatis linked to the user of the electronic device 200. Examples of such PIIinclude, but are not limited to, the user's name, social securitynumber, date and place of birth, mother's maiden name, driver's licensenumber, passport number, firearm owner's identification card, username,email address, security questions and answers, digital certificatesassociated with the user, gender, marital status, race, religion,salary, biometric information (e.g., height, weight, eye color, haircolor, fingerprint scans, retinal scans, medical information), financialinformation (e.g., credit card numbers, verification codes, expirationdates, debit card numbers, bank account numbers), family information(e.g., dependents, children, spouse, parents), emergency contactinformation, etc. These are just some examples of PII.

Additional examples of personal data associated with the user of theelectronic device 200 may include, but are not limited to, contacts ofthe user of the electronic device 200 (e.g., an address book or phonenumber contact list), short message service (SMS) contacts, SMS messagestransmitted or received by the user of the electronic device 200, emailcontacts, email database (e.g., the electronic device 200 may storeemails from an email account of the user), email messages transmitted orreceived by the electronic device 200, phone logs, web logs or browserhistory (e.g., which websites has the user of the electronic device 200visited), cookies, and phone numbers.

Further examples of personal data may include information that may beused to identify the electronic device 200. For example, the personaldata may include, but is not limited to, International Mobile StationEquipment Identity (IMEI), International Mobile Subscriber Identity(IMSI), Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID), Mobile EquipmentIdentifier (MEID), Electronic Serial Numbers (ESN), Unique DeviceIdentifier (UDID), Media Access Control (MAC) Address, the applicationsthat are installed on the electronic device 200 (e.g., plurality ofapplications 202 and 203), and a phone number associated with theelectronic device 200.

Still further examples of personal data may include data from one ormore components of the electronic device 200 (e.g., camera 230, speaker232, network interface 234, sensor(s) 232). For example, the personaldata may include images or photos taken by the camera 230, locationinformation from the sensor 232 of the electronic device 200 (e.g., acurrent physical location of the electronic device 200), a locationhistory of the electronic device 200, or a log or history of domains, IPaddresses, other devices that the electronic device 200 has communicatedwith. Additionally, location information or other PII may be embedded asmetadata, e.g., Exchangeable image file format (Exif) metadata. Suchinformation is usually placed automatically by applications or camerasinto image files without the actions of a user.

Additional examples of personal data may include data which can be usedto make inferences about other user personal data. For example, anapplication that obtains repeated process memory size of a browserapplication's process can use that information to fingerprint whichwebsites the user is visiting. Thus, although the occasional access toprocess memory size information does not expose personal data, therepeated access to this information can expose personal data. Detectionof repeated access and reporting of repeated access to such system levelinformation that can be used for inferences about other personal datamay also be included as personal data. Another example of system relatedinformation which can be used to infer personal data is the set ofplugins or extensions installed in a browser application. Research hasshown that the combination of the browser's user-agent string and thelist of installed plugins or extensions can fingerprint a user that maybe used to uniquely identify a particular device or user. Thus, anapplication that attempts to retrieve the complete list of installedplugins or extensions for a browser application can be considered to beaccessing another type of personal data. Similarly, devices frequentlybroadcast the names (SSIDs) of their favorite or recently connected tonetworks to facilitate discovery and subsequent connection to known orpreferred networks. These network names (SSIDs) constitute anotherexample of personal data which can be used to make inferences aboutother user personal data. For example, the names may reveal recent userlocations, user buying preferences, user medical conditions (user'sdevice is trying to connect to “Oncology-Clinic-Free-Wifi”) or otheritems of a personal nature that can be inferred. In such a case it maybe advisable to adjust settings or use application wrappers or operatingsystem functions or hooks to prevent the device from broadcasting someor all of such network names according to a privacy policy. Devices canstill connect to such networks by passive discovery (listening fornetwork names broadcast from network access points). Such inferredinformation could be used by a listener for targeting advertisements ortailoring search results presented to a user of the device. Similarly,an application running on the device may attempt to obtain this list ofrecently used network names (SSIDs).

As such, the personal data may include PII data, application relatedinformation (e.g., which applications are installed on the electronicdevice 200), device related information (e.g., identifiers associatedwith the device), communication related information (e.g., phone logs,emails, SMS messages, etc.), information obtained by the device (e.g.,location information), or any personal files or data stored by the user(e.g., files in the file system 204). Such data may be personal to theuser and use of the electronic device 200.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a policy management module 220 tocreate and to assign a policy for a mobile communications device (e.g.,electronic device 200). In general, the policy management module 220 maycreate and assign a policy for a mobile communications device. In someembodiments, the policy management module 220 may be executed on themobile communications device. In alternative embodiments, the policymanagement module 200 may be executed from a server. In anotherembodiment, components or modules of the policy management module 200may be distributed between the mobile communications device and theserver.

As shown in FIG. 3, the policy management module 220 may comprise a dataidentifier module 310. In some embodiments, the data identifier module310 may identify data associated with the electronic device 200. Forexample, the data identifier module 310 may identify personal data of auser of the electronic device as previously disclosed. In someembodiments, the data identifier module 310 may identify locations onthe electronic device 200 (e.g., areas in the file system 204) that arestoring the personal data and may further identify types of personaldata that is stored on the electronic device 200 or may identify a useof the electronic device 200. The policy management module 220 mayfurther comprise a policy creator module 320. In some embodiments, thepolicy creator module 320 may create a policy based on the personal dataidentified by the data identifier module 310. The policy may be createdfor the electronic device 200 based on the personal data that is storedon the electronic device 200 and the personal use by the user of theelectronic device 200. Further detail with regards to identifying data(e.g., by the data identifier module 310) and creating a policy (e.g.,by the policy creator module 320) are disclosed in further detail belowwith relation to FIGS. 5 and 6.

As shown in FIG. 3, the policy management module 220 may furthercomprise a policy assigner module 330. In some embodiments, the policyassigner module 330 may assign a policy to the electronic device 200. Insome embodiments, a plurality of policies may be available to the policyassigner 330. For example, the policies storage 370 may comprise aplurality of policies that have been created for the electronic device200 and the policy assigner 330 may select one of the plurality ofpolicies that are located in the policies storage 370. As shown, thepolicy management module 220 may further include a data monitor module340. In some embodiments, the data monitor module 340 may monitorpersonal data that has been identified by the data identifier module 310and/or personal data that is subject to the policy assigned by thepolicy assigner module 330. Further details with regard to monitoringdata (e.g., by the data identifier module 330) are disclosed withrelation to FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the policy management module 220may further include an alert notifier module 350. In some embodiments,the alert notifier module 350 may receive an indication from the datamonitor module 340 that an access of personal data subject to the policyassigned by the policy assigner module 330 has been detected. Inresponse to such detection, the alert notifier module 350 may notify theuser of the electronic device 200 of the detection of an instance of anapplication accessing the personal data. Further details with regard tosuch notifications (e.g., by the alert notifier module 350) aredisclosed with relation to FIG. 10. The policy management module 220 mayfurther include a policy reporter module 360. In some embodiments, thepolicy reporter module 360 may receive notifications from the alertnotifier 350 of access to personal data by one or more applications. Thepolicy reporter module 360 may aggregate the notifications that arereceived from the alert notifier 350 and generate a report comprisinginformation detailing which applications (e.g., applications from theplurality of application 202 and 203) have accessed personal data. Thegenerated report may be stored in the reports storage 380 and mayfurther be presented to a user of the electronic device 200. Furtherdetails with regard to the generation and presentation of reports (e.g.,by the policy reporter module 360) are disclosed with relation to FIG.9.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 400 for using personaldata and a policy. As shown, at step 410, personal data may be received.For example, the data identifier module 310 of the policy managementmodule 220 may receive or identify personal data stored in memory on themobile communications device. In some embodiments, the personal data maybe stored on the electronic device 200. At step 420, a policy may begenerated based on the personal data. For example, the policy creatormodule 320 of the policy management module 220 may create or generatethe policy based on the personal data that was received at step 410. Insome embodiments, the policy may comprise a set of instructions used toidentify data and/or actions to be performed for the identified data.For example, the policy may be a data leakage policy that is used toidentify different types of data stored on the electronic device 200,monitor the different types of data, and/or control access to thedifferent types of data. In some embodiments, the policy may begenerated based on some amount of personal data in order to identifyadditional personal data. For example, a plurality of personal data maybe stored on the electronic device 200. A subset of the plurality ofpersonal data may be identified or received by the policy managementmodule 220 and a policy may be generated based on the subset of thepersonal data stored on the electronic device 200. The policy may thenbe used to identify additional personal data stored on the electronicdevice 200. As such, the policy may be created based on a smaller set ofpersonal data and then used to detect or identify a larger set ofpersonal data. Thus, at step 430, additional data may be identifiedbased on the created policy.

As such, the policy may be created based on an initial set of personaldata. In some embodiments, the initial set of personal data may beidentified based on one or more methods. For example, the initial set ofpersonal data may be identified based on known sources of personal data.Such locations on an electronic device 200 may include, but are notlimited to, databases of user information, email databases associatedwith the electronic device 200 (e.g., locations of stored emails),contact information (e.g., a contact list or phone book on theelectronic device 200), SMS information (e.g., SMS messages sent orreceived on the electronic device 200), etc. As such, there may be oneor more defined or known storage locations on the electronic device 200that contain personal data. The personal data in the defined or knownstorage locations may then be used to generate a policy to identifyadditional personal data stored on the electronic device 200. Thus, thepolicy may be generated based on exact data matching from the defined orknown storage locations of personal data.

In some embodiments, the policy may be generated based on indexeddocument matching. For example, the policy may be generated based ontext in one or more known personal data files. Additional data thatmatches at least some of the text in the one or more known personal datafiles may then be identified by the policy as personal data that is tobe monitored. Thus, the profile may be generated based on text in adocument or corpus of documents. In the same or alternative embodiments,personal data may be identified based on data identifiers. For example,a social security number may be identified in a personal data file basedon its nine digits and optional dashes. Files that include such a dataidentifier may be used in the creation of the policy. The policy mayfurther be generated based on a classifier. For example, a classifier(e.g., a Support Vector Machine that analyzes data and recognizespatterns) may analyze a set of personal data files (e.g., from definedor previously known locations on the electronic device 200) sorted byclassification and the resulting model may be used to identifyadditional personal data that matches the classifications of the model.

Thus, the policy may be generated based on known sets of data (e.g.,personal data) stored at known locations (e.g., an email account, filesystem locations, contacts list, etc.) or known uses of the electronicdevice 200. The policy may then be used to identify additional sets ofdata (e.g., additional personal data) stored at other locations on theelectronic device 200.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 500 to create and assign apolicy to an electronic device (e.g., electronic device 200). Ingeneral, the method 500 may be performed by the policy management module220 to report access of monitored personal data by the operating systemand/or at least one application executing on the device.

As shown in FIG. 5, the method 500 may identify, at step 510, one ormore locations of stored data on the electronic device. For example, thedata identifier module 310 of the policy management module 220 mayidentify one or more known or predefined locations where personal datais stored on the electronic device. In some embodiments, the one or moreknown or predefined locations may include, but is not limited to, alocation in the file storage system of the electronic device, storagefor emails received or downloaded by the electronic device from an emailaccount of the user associated with the electronic device, a storagelocation for a contacts list (e.g., phone numbers and addresses)associated with the electronic device, and a subscriber identificationmodule (SIM) that may store the IMSI, ICCID, SMS messages, phone bookcontacts, and other data of the electronic device. At step 520, personaldata may be identified from the one or more known or predefinedlocations. In some embodiments, the data stored in the one or more knownor predefined locations may be identified as personal data. For example,the method 500 may identify any data stored on the SIM card, contactslist, email account, etc. as being personal data. Next, at step 530, apolicy (e.g., a data leakage policy) may be created based on thepersonal data identified at step 520. For example, the policy creator320 of the policy management module 220 may create or generate thepolicy based on the personal data that has been identified at one ormore known or predefined locations on the electronic device 200. In someembodiments, the created policy may also be stored in the policiesstorage 370. At step 540, the policy may be assigned to the electronicdevice. For example, the policy assigner module 330 of the policymanagement module 220 may assign the policy to the electronic device200. The method 500 may further monitor data based on the assignedpolicy. For example, the data monitor module 340 of the policymanagement module 220 may monitor data based on the policy. In someembodiments, the monitored data may be additional personal data (e.g.,personal data from a plurality of locations associated with theelectronic device) that has matched or been identified by the policy. Inthe same or alternative embodiments, the monitoring of the data may beperformed in response to the assigning of the policy. For example,different personal data may be monitored based on the policy that hasbeen assigned to the electronic device.

At step 560, an access of the monitored data may be detected. Forexample, the data monitor 340 of the policy management module 220 maydetect an application (e.g., from the plurality of applications 202 and203) that is executed on the electronic device 200 has accessed personaldata that has been identified by the policy. In some embodiments, thedetected access of the personal data by the application may involve theapplication accessing the personal data from the file system of theelectronic device and/or transferring the personal data from theelectronic device to another destination (e.g., a server, anotherelectronic device, etc.) over a network (e.g., the Internet or cellularnetwork). At step 570, the access of the monitored data may be reported.For example, the alert notifier 350 of the policy management module 220may generate an alert notification for the user of the electronic deviceand/or the policy reporter 360 of the policy management module 220 maygenerate a report based on the detection of an application accessingpersonal data that has been identified by the policy. Further detailswith regard to reporting the access of the monitored personal data aredisclosed with relation to FIGS. 9 and 10.

As such, one or more known or predefined locations or known orpredefined sources of personal data stored on an electronic device maybe identified. The data from the predefined locations or predefinedsources may be identified as personal data. A policy may be createdbased on the personal data from the predefined locations or predefinedsources. The policy may be assigned to the electronic device and thepolicy may be used to identify additional personal data (e.g., thepersonal data from the known or predefined locations or sources as wellas additional personal data elsewhere on the electronic device). Theadditional personal data may be monitored. If an application that isexecuted on the electronic device accesses the monitored personal data,then a user of the electronic device may be notified of the access ofthe monitored personal data. Furthermore, a report may be created todetail and provide additional information with regard to the access ofthe personal data on the electronic device.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 600 to create a policybased on personal data stored on a device. In general, a policymanagement module 220 may receive or identify a plurality of types ofpersonal data associated with an electronic device 200 and/or a user ofthe electronic device 200 and may generate a policy based on thepersonal data.

As shown in FIG. 6, the method 600 may receive, at step 610, a personalcontacts database stored on an electronic device 200. The personalcontacts database may include contact information from a contact list orphone book stored on the electronic device. In some embodiments, thecontact list may comprise information to identify a plurality of phonecontacts and a phone history log (e.g., phone numbers and/or identitiesof users associated with the phone numbers that the electronic device200 has placed calls to or received calls from). In the same oralternative embodiments, the personal contacts database may also includean SMS log or history and any other identifier used in inbound oroutbound communication from the electronic device 200. As such, themethod 600 may receive communication-related information associated withthe electronic device 200. The communication-related information may bebased on the use of the electronic device 200 (e.g., of prior phonecalls, prior SMS messages, etc. that were placed or received by theelectronic device). Furthermore, at step 620, the method 600 may receivea personal email database stored on the device. The personal emaildatabase may include emails from a personal email account that isassociated with a user of the electronic device 200. For example, theelectronic device 200 may be configured to access one or more personalemail accounts of a user and downloads and/or to transmit email messagesto and from the electronic device 200. At step 630, the method 600 mayreceive personal files stored on the file system of the device. Forexample, any type of personal data stored on the file system of theelectronic device 200 may be received. Examples of such personal datamay include, but is not limited to, web-related information such as webbrowser history, browser cookies, browser's installed extensions orplug-ins, HTML5 local storage, and application data and personal-relatedinformation of a user of the electronic device. The method 600 mayfurther receive, at step 640, device specific data. For example,device-related information of the electronic device 200 may be received.In some embodiments, the device-related information may include any typeof unique identifier associated with the electronic device including,but not limited to, the IMEI, IMSI, ICCID, MEID, ESN, UDID, MAC address,and a phone number. At step 650, data created by the device may bereceived. For example, photos created from a camera of the electronicdevice 200, sensor data created by various sensors of the electronicdevice (e.g., location data from a GPS component), or any type of log orhistory information created by the electronic device may be received. Atstep 660, a personal use of the device may be identified. For example,information indicating that a user of the electronic device 200 uses theelectronic device to check one or more email accounts, has certainapplications installed (e.g., application-related information), uses theelectronic device to connect to various websites, uses a telephonefunctionality of the electronic device 200, uses an SMS functionality ofthe electronic device 200, uses a camera component of the electronicdevice 200 to take photos, and has activated a location determinationcomponent (e.g., GPS), etc. may be identified. As such, use-relatedinformation of the electronic device 200 may be identified.

At step 670, a policy may be generated based on the received oridentified data or information. As previously disclosed with relation toFIG. 4, the policy may be generated based on personal data. For example,the policy may be generated based on personal data stored on a mobilecommunications device. Thus, the policy may be considered a custompolicy created specifically for the mobile communications device basedon the personal data that is currently stored on the mobilecommunications device. In some embodiment, the policy may be generatedbased on the personal data stored on the mobile communications device aswell as features of the mobile communications device. Examples of thefeatures of the mobile communications device include, but are notlimited to, functionality of the mobile communications device (e.g., acamera, location determination components, etc.) and an operating systemexecuted on the mobile communications device. As such, the generatedpolicy may be at least partly platform specific (e.g., specific to anoperating system of the mobile communications device) and/or at leastpartly based on the personal data stored on the mobile communicationsdevice.

Although the steps described above disclose certain types of data orinformation, any type of personal data or device specific data orinformation may be used received and/or identified to generate thepolicy. For example, data on a storage device (e.g., a non-volatilememory card such as a Secure Digital card) coupled to the electronicdevice 200 may be used to generate the policy.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 700 to create a policybased on personal data associated with a device and data from a server.As shown in FIG. 7, at step 710, an identification of personal datastored on a device may be performed. Such personal data may include anyof the types of data associated with the electronic device disclosedherein. At step 720, server data may be received. For example, serveranalysis data may be received by the policy management module 220 of theelectronic device 200. In some embodiments, the server may be a remoteserver (e.g., a server in communication with the electronic device 200over a network) and may receive data from the electronic device 200. Theserver may then analyze the data and transmit data based on the analysisto the electronic device. In some embodiments, the server may receive anidentification of specific applications that have been installed and/orare executed on the electronic device 200 and may transmit data based onsuch identification to the electronic device 200. For example, theserver may provide an analysis based on known behavior of theapplications that have been installed on the electronic device. Suchknown behavior may include types of personal data that the installedapplications are known to access.

In some embodiments, the server may also create a set of per applicationdata. For example, the server may create fake or false personal data andtransmit the fake or false personal data to the electronic device 200.As such, the fake or false personal data may be unique and access of thefake or false personal data may be monitored (e.g., by the policymanagement module 220). The fake or false personal data generated may beunique to the particular application, or may be unique to the particulardevice, or may be unique to the particular user who is using the device,or may be unique to any combination of the above. If any applicationaccesses the fake or false personal data, then the access may be tracked(e.g., determine if the fake or false data was transmitted off of theelectronic device 200 over a network) and the server and/or electronicdevice may identify the application that has accessed the fake or falsepersonal data. Furthermore, a report may be generated to alert the userthat the application is accessing the fake or false personal data.Additionally, any subsequent detection of the attempted use of theunique fake or false personal data (e.g., a fake phone number or fakeemail address) by receiving a communication at the unique fake or falseaddress may result in reporting the usage to the user, identifying thatthe application for which the fake or false data was generated is anabuser of personal data (e.g., the application is attemptingunauthorized access of personal data), and tracking the origin of thecommunication involving the fake or false address. A policy to disallowaccess by such an application to personal data may be created anddistributed to multiple devices. In a specific embodiment, a known dataleaking app or website may be provided with fake information in responseto any attempts by the app or website to obtain personal data. Inanother embodiment apps or web applications can in a laboratory settingbe run in a dynamic analysis or emulator farm which is capable of indepth instrumentation on all operations of the app or web application,e.g., crashes, locations accessed on the device or on the network, anypersonal data access or leakage, type and contents of network traffic,memory usage growth, processor usage over time, number of calls or SMSor other messages sent. Such apps or web applications in the laboratorycan be provided with fake data, e.g., email addresses or phone numbers.Subsequent detection of messages or calls to these identifiers cancharacterize the app or website application as leaking personal data.Such characterization can be used to formulate specific policy for saidapp or website application, or for other apps or website applicationsdeveloped by the same developer (as indicated by app signature) ororganization (as indicated by domain of the web application).Additionally, app developers can be notified if the developer's app orwebsite application is exhibiting insecure behavior or is capturing ortransmitting or otherwise using personal data.

Returning to FIG. 7, at step 730, the policy may be created based on thedata associated with the device and the data associated with the server.Furthermore, at step 740, the policy may be assigned to the electronicdevice.

In some embodiments, the policy may be created based on personal dataassociated with a plurality of devices. For example, different types ofpersonal data may be stored on different devices. A policy may then begenerated based on the different types of personal data on the pluralityof devices and the policy may be applied to each of the plurality ofdevices. For example, devices may exchange the identification of thepersonal data with each other or may transmit to a server theidentification of the personal data. The server may optionally provideserver analysis data as previously disclosed and may receive theidentification of the personal data from the plurality of devices andgenerate a policy based on the personal data from the plurality ofdevices. The policy may then be transmitted back to each device andassigned to each of the devices. Thus, a portable policy (e.g., a policyapplied to any mobile device) may be created at the server and appliedto a plurality of devices.

FIG. 8 illustrates a method 800 to monitor data and record access of themonitored data based on the application of a policy. In general, thedata monitor module 340 of the policy management module 220 may monitorpersonal data identified by the policy as data for which access shouldbe monitored and the alert notifier module 350 and policy reporter 360of the policy management module 220 may alert a user of the electronicdevice 200 of access of personal data and generate a report aggregatinga plurality of detected accesses of personal data by one or moreapplications.

As shown in FIG. 8, at step 810, a policy may be assigned to theelectronic device. For example, the policy may be assigned by the policymanagement module 220. At step 820, personal data associated with theelectronic device may be monitored based on the assigned policy. Forexample, the assigned policy may be used to identify personal data thatis accessible by the electronic device. Such identified personal datamay then be monitored for access by one or more applications executed onthe electronic device. At step 830, a determination may be made as towhether access of the personal data that has been monitored at step 820has been detected. If no such access has been detected, then the method800 may return to monitoring the personal data at step 820. However, ifa detection of the personal data occurs, then at step 840, a user of theelectronic device may be notified of the application that has accessedor is attempting to access the monitored personal data. For example, analert notification may be displayed on a screen of the electronic deviceand comprise information indicating that a specific piece of personaldata is being accessed by a particular application. In some embodiments,the alert notification may also include options to allow or disallow theattempted access of the personal data by the application. Furtherdetails with regard to such an alert notification are disclosed withrelation to FIG. 10. Furthermore, at step 850, the access or attemptedaccess of the monitored personal data by the application may be recordedand/or aggregated (e.g., with other reported access of personal data byapplications) to be included in a generated report. Further details withregard to such a report are disclosed with relation to FIG. 9. In someembodiments, the method may return to the monitoring of access to thepersonal data at step 820 after such notifications and/or generation ofsuch reports.

In some embodiments, access of the personal data by one or moreapplications (e.g., at step 830) may be detected by various methods.Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, configuringthe operating system of the electronic device to detect such access(e.g., the policy management module 220 is a part of the operatingsystem), monitoring system logs and/or file system logs (e.g.,identifying access of personal data from scanning the file system logs),and inserting the policy management module 220 as a browser plug-in anddetecting if a browser is accessing personal data on the electronicdevice.

In some embodiments, the access of the personal data may be detectedbased on application containerization or electronic devicecontainerization (e.g., mobile device containerization). Thecontainerization may involve an approach to create separate environmentsfor applications and/or personal data. For example, an encrypted spaceor folder on the electronic device 200 may be used to store personaldata and/or applications. In some embodiments, the containerization mayinvolve application wrapping. For example, application wrappingcontainer may involve using the operating system of the electronicdevice 200 and application program interfaces (APIs) to provide asandboxed environment for personal data and/or applications. This may beperformed for each set of personal data or for each application. In someembodiments, such a process may result in each application beingenclosed in its own unique container. As such, a container may be placedaround individual applications or sets of applications. Furthermore, theattempted access to the personal data may be detected based on APIaccesses of the containers. For example, the policy management module220 may detect the API attempt or actual access to the personal datafrom one or more applications. The application wrapping container mayrewire sensitive API calls to the personal data sources and filteraccess to the personal data sources. Such an application wrappingcontainer may enable the monitoring of encrypted network traffic (e.g.,SSL library hooking) and not allow access to the personal data sourcesby hooking and disabling the APIs of the applications with theapplication wrapping container or even disabling the functionality ofthe applications to transmit the personal data over a network or writingthe personal data to an unsecure portion of the file system. As such,the detection of the access of personal data by one or more applicationsmay be based on detecting API access (e.g., corresponding to anapplication wrapping container) and/or based on detecting a transmissionof the personal data over a network. Further embodiments may detectaccess of personal data based on a server side characterization, asdiscussed in further detail below. Thus, the applications may be run ina container.

In some embodiments, the containerization process as disclosed above maybe performed with respect to the storage of personal data. For example,a container wrapper may be configured on the electronic device 200 to beapplied to personal data that is identified on the electronic device.Any access to the personal data must then use the interface (e.g., API)of the container wrapper applied to the personal data in order to accessthe personal data. As such, personal data may be identified on theelectronic device 200 and places the container wrapper around thepersonal data. In some embodiments, the personal data may then beencrypted and/or placed elsewhere on the electronic device 200 (e.g., inan encrypted folder on the file system). In the same or alternativeembodiments, a bloom filter may be used to detect access to personaldata. For example, a bloom filter associated with the personal data maybe stored on the device and when a ‘hit’ of the bloom filter is detected(e.g., an application accessing personal data associated with the bloomfilter), a remote server may be notified of the ‘hit’ of the bloomfilter and provide a confirmation or identification of the specificpersonal data subject to the ‘hit’ of the bloom filter. In someembodiments, the containerization of the personal data may involve theuse of a hook mechanism, as previously disclosed with relation to theapplication wrapping container. For example, a hook may be performed atthe file system level, at an operating system level, on a virtualmachine (VM), or on hardware (e.g., a special processor or FieldProgrammable Gate Array configured to detect access to personal data).In some embodiments, an interrupt may be raised or called in response toa detection of access to the personal data in memory, to and from astorage device, to and from a network interface, and as a parameter call(e.g., intra-application or inter-application calls or an application tosystem call).

In some embodiments, the access to the personal data from one or moreapplications may be based on a transmission of the personal data. Forexample, the policy management module 220 may detect that an applicationhas transmitted personal data from the electronic device 200 to anotherdestination (e.g., a server or another device) over a network. As such,the detection of the access of personal data may be based on identifyingone or more applications transmitting the personal data off of theelectronic device 200. Thus, the detection of the access to the personaldata may be based on network traffic and observing that personal datahas been transmitted from the electronic device 200 over a network.

In some embodiments, the access to the personal data may also bedetected based on a dynamic analysis. For example, a server may providea characterization of an application that identifies what theapplication may leak (e.g., what kind of personal data is accessedand/or transmitted by the application). In some embodiments, a virtualprivate network (VPN) may be configured on the electronic device 200.The VPN may then be used to monitor access to personal data. Forexample, network access by applications may be monitored within the VPNenvironment and personal data that is transmitted over the network maybe detected. Further details with regard to monitoring network access byapplication within the VPN environment are disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/071,366, entitled “METHODS AND SYSTEMS FORSECURE NETWORK CONNECTIONS,” filed on Nov. 4, 2013, which isincorporated herein by reference. Thus, network traffic associated withthe electronic device 200 may be monitored for personal data leaving orbeing transmitted from the electronic device.

In some embodiments, the application container wrapper may be used tomonitor a copy and paste function associated with the application. Forexample, the application container wrapper may hook the copy and pastefunction and apply the policy to the data contents of the copy and pastefunction being performed. Thus, the policy may monitor the copy andpaste function for the presence of personal data. For example, ifmonitored personal data may be observed to be copied and pasted and suchan act may be recorded or the copying and pasting of the monitoredpersonal data may not be allowed.

In some embodiments, the policy may have been transmitted to a server111 or to a piece of the infrastructure of the network 121 (such as anetwork access point or a switch or a router), which can observe thecontent of the communications from the device. The policy may beenforced on that location by inspecting the contents of thecommunications from the device for the presence of personal data.Notification messages can be sent to the owner or administrator of thedevice upon such detections. A communication whose content includespersonal data may be blocked, depending on the specifics allowed in thepolicy. A command may be sent to the device to terminate the applicationwhich sent the personal data. The server or piece of networkinfrastructure may use special certificates in place of original sitecertificates to allow the inspection of SSL/TLS traffic; that is, theserver or piece of network infrastructure is performing a sanctioned Manin the Middle (MiTM) operation in which there are two separate securedsessions from the server or piece of network infrastructure, one fromthe server or piece of network infrastructure to the original networkdestination using that location's valid certificate, and one from theserver or piece of network infrastructure to the device using thespecially provided certificate.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a personal data access report 900displaying instances of access to monitored data based on a policy. Ingeneral, the personal data access report 900 may be generated by thepolicy reporter 360 of the policy management module 220 to displaydetected access of monitored personal data based on a policy by at leastone application executed on the electronic device 200. The personal dataaccess report 900 may be based upon a plurality of detected accesses ofthe monitored personal data. For example, the personal data access 900may include information to identify and further describe an aggregationof a plurality of instances of access to personal data stored on theelectronic device 200 by one or more applications.

As shown in FIG. 9, the personal data access report 900 may includemultiple entries where each entry corresponds to at least oneapplication that is executed on the electronic device 200 and has beendetected to access monitored personal data within a particular timeframe. For example, the monitored personal data access report 900 may begenerated based on a particular time frame. Each detected access ofpersonal data by an application during the time frame may be recordedand a plurality of the instances of detected access may be aggregated toform the personal data access report 900 for the time frame. As such,each of the entries 921, 922, and 923 of the personal data access report900 may represent an application that has been detected to access atleast one monitored personal data. In some embodiments, the personaldata access report 900 may further include multiple fields for each ofthe entries. For example, an application identifier field 920, personaldata identifier field 930, time field 940, transmission field 950, andan encrypted field 960 may be displayed as part of the personal dataaccess report 900 for each of the entries 921, 922, and 923.

In some embodiments, the application identifier field 920 may identifyan application that has been detected to access monitored personal data.For example, the application identifier field 920 may identify anapplication that is executed on the electronic device 200 that has beendetected to access monitored personal data associated with theelectronic device 200. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the entry 921 maybe associated with the application identifier field 920 identifying afirst application, the entry 922 may be associated with the applicationidentifier field 920 identifying a second application, and the entry 923may be associated with the application identifier field 920 identifyinga third application. As such, a plurality of applications may beidentified as having accessed monitored personal data. The personal dataaccess report 900 may further include a personal data identifier field930. In some embodiments, the personal data identifier field 930 maydisplay information to identify a type of personal data that has beenaccessed by a corresponding application. For example, the personal dataidentifier field 930 may indicate that the first applicationcorresponding to entry 921 has accessed personal data including contacts(e.g., contacts or phone numbers stored on the electronic device 200)and emails (e.g., emails accessed from an email account by theelectronic device 200). The personal data identifier field 930 may alsoindicate that the second application corresponding to the entry 922 hasaccessed monitored personal data for a location (e.g., a location of theelectronic device 200 obtained from a functionality of the electronicdevice such as a sensor) and that the third application corresponding toentry 923 has accessed personal data for a camera (e.g., camera photoscreated and stored on the electronic device 200) and one or more fileson the file system of the electronic device 200. As such, the personaldata identifier field 930 may identify a plurality of types of personaldata that one or more applications have accessed. The time field 940 mayindicate a time that each of the applications has accessed thecorresponding personal data. For example, the time field 940 as shownidentifies that the first application has accessed the contacts personaldata at a first time and the emails personal data at a second time. Thetime field 940 further indicates that the second application hasaccessed the location personal data at a third time and that the thirdapplication has accessed both the camera personal data and the filesystem personal data at a fourth time. In some embodiments, the personaldata access report 900 may further display a transmission field 950. Inthe same or alternative embodiments, the transmission field 950 mayindicate whether an application from the entries 921, 922, and/or 923has transmitted the personal data from the personal data identifierfield 930 from the electronic device 200 to another destination (e.g.,another device or server) over a network associated with the electronicdevice 200. For example, the transmission field 950 may indicate thatthe first application corresponding to entry 921 has transmitted boththe contacts personal data and the email personal data from theelectronic device 200 over a network. The transmission field 950 mayfurther indicate that the second application corresponding to entry 922has transmitted the location personal data from the electronic device200 over a network and that the third application corresponding to entry923 has not transmitted the camera personal data and file systempersonal data from the electronic device 200 over the network.

As shown in FIG. 9, the personal data access report 900 may furtherinclude an encrypted field 960. In some embodiments, the encrypted field960 may indicate whether an application that has transmitted personaldata off of the electronic device 200 did so while encrypting thepersonal data or transmitted the personal data without encrypting thepersonal data. For example, the encrypted field 960 may identify thatthe first application that transmitted the contacts personal data andemail personal data did not encrypt either of the types of personal datathat it accessed and subsequently transmitted. The encrypted field 960may further identify that the second application encrypted the locationpersonal data before transmitting the location personal data over thenetwork. In some embodiments the personal data access report may alsoindicate where personal data was transmitted (e.g., a networkdestination).

The personal data access report 900 for a specific device may furtherinclude a count of all the items of a particular type of personal datathat were accessed or a portion of or all of the actual personal datathat was accessed. Furthermore, the personal data access report 900 maycontain information regarding the context on the device at the time ofaccess to the personal data. For example, the report may also recordwhat applications were open at the time of access of the personal data,whether the electronic device was locked or unlocked, whether theaccessing application was in the foreground (e.g., displayed) or not inthe foreground (e.g., not displayed). In some embodiments, a personaldata policy may have thresholds for each type of personal data accessthat is considered normal or allowable, for any application or forspecific named applications, and the personal data access report mayonly report instances where the personal data policy is being violated.

As such, the personal data access report 900 may aggregate multipleinstances of access of personal data by one or more applications. Thepersonal data access report 900 may identify a particular type ofpersonal data accessed by each of the applications, a time when thepersonal data was accessed by each of the applications, whether eachapplication transmitted each accessed personal data off of theelectronic device 200, and whether the personal data that wastransmitted was encrypted or not. Thus, the personal data access report900 may display the type of personal data or personal data relatedfunctionality of the electronic device that an application has accessedas well as additional details with regard to the type of personal data.Aggregated personal data access report information (with any personaldata removed) may be made available separately to provide information tousers about the personal data behavior or particular applications. Forexample, such information may be provided as part of a privacy reportabout applications, as additional information in application stores, orin databases of information about application characteristics orbehavior. In some embodiments, an application installer on theelectronic device 200 may use such a database of information aboutapplication characteristics or behavior in conjunction with a personaldata policy to determine whether an application is allowed to beinstalled on the electronic device. For example, the user's or device'spersonal data policy may disallow applications which have a behavior oflarge scale access to contacts and the database of information aboutapplications may indicate that application X has such a behavior. Thus,the application installer would not allow the installation ofapplication X on the electronic device.

Although the personal data access report 900 shows certain types offields and personal data, any type of personal data or fieldsidentifying any type of information may be aggregated and/or displayedin the personal data access report 900. For example, the personal dataaccess report 900 may further display a destination (e.g., IP address)that personal data was transmitted to, whether the electronic device wasin a lock mode (e.g., an operation of the electronic device where userfunctionality of buttons or keys is disabled) or not in the lock mode,etc. In some embodiments, the personal data access report 900 may alsodisplay more detailed information. For example, specific contacts,emails, locations, camera photos, and files of the personal data thatwere accessed by the applications may be identified.

It may be normal for an application to access some personal data in thecourse of its operation. For example, an application that is designed tosend emails or text messages may access a small number of contacts(e.g., a phone book, email list, etc.) on the electronic device and anapplication designed to backup data from the electronic device would innormal operation access all of the contacts on the electronic device.But it would not be normal for most applications to access a largenumber of contacts on the electronic device or all of the contacts onthe electronic device. Recording the frequency of access to categoriesof personal data is used to prepare personal data access reports and maybe used to develop policies on a per application basis regarding howmuch personal data may be accessed per application. For example, theapplication X that is designed for backing up contacts from theelectronic device could have a policy that allows application Xunlimited access to the contacts on the electronic device. However, thecontacts policy for the electronic device may disallow any otherapplication from accessing more than a configurable number or percentageof the contacts on the electronic device. For example, the policy couldprevent other applications from accessing more than 20 contacts or morethan 10% of the contacts on the device. The policy enforcement may haveactions of reporting the attempted access, asking the user forpermission for the application to perform the large scale access, ordenying the large scale access. As such, a policy may be configured toallow for different amounts of personal data that may be accessed fordifferent applications executed on the electronic device. The policy maydefine which types of personal data may be accessed by certainapplications and which applications may not access a particular type ofpersonal data.

In some embodiments, the policy may further define which destinations towhich personal data may be transmitted. For example, the policy mayallow a first set of personal data to be transmitted from the electronicdevice to a first network location (e.g., a website or server), but maynot allow the first set of personal data to be transmitted from theelectronic device to a second network location. Furthermore, in someembodiments, the policy may allow certain applications to be able totransmit personal data from the electronic device to a network location,but may not allow other applications to transmit personal data to anetwork location. In the same or alternative embodiments, the policy mayallow specific applications to transmit specific personal data to aspecific network location, but may not allow the applications totransmit other personal data to another network location or the specificpersonal data to another network location. As such, the policy may beused to allow or not allow access to personal data or transmission ofpersonal data from the electronic device based on any combination ofapplications, personal data, and network locations (e.g., on a perapplication basis, per personal data basis, and/or per network locationbasis).

In some embodiments, the monitored personal data may be detected to beoff of the electronic device. For example, a search engine may be used(e.g., by a server) to detect the monitored personal data at otherservers or websites on the Internet. For example, the false or fakepersonal data as previously disclosed may be searched for on theInternet. In some embodiments, social network accounts for a user may bescanned to find or detect monitored personal data. Such a presence ofpersonal data being off of the electronic device and found on anotherserver or website may indicate that one or more applications executed onthe electronic device is accessing personal data and transmitting thepersonal data off of the electronic device to another location. In someembodiments, a user may securely register his or her personal data witha search engine and the search engine may notify the user when theuser's personal data is detected during a web crawl performed by thesearch engine.

In some embodiments, the personal data access report 900 may be sent toa server to be used to characterize personal data access patterns of oneor more applications that are included in the personal data accessreport 900. For example, personal data access patterns may be identifiedby application or network location (e.g., website or network address).Thus, the server may be able to characterize which applications areaccessing personal data as well as which network locations are receivingpersonal data that is transmitted from the electronic device.

FIG. 10 illustrates a graphical user interface 1000 notifying a user ofan attempt to access monitored personal data. In general, the graphicaluser interface 1000 may provide a user of an electronic device 200 withan option to either allow or not allow access to monitored personal databy an application executed on the electronic device 200.

As shown in FIG. 10, the graphical user interface 1000 may display anotification 1010. For example, the notification 1010 may correspond toan attempt by an application executed on the electronic device 200 toaccess monitored personal data on the electronic device 200. In someembodiments, the notification 1010 may identify the application that isrequesting or attempting to access personal data and/or the type ofpersonal data that the application is requesting to access or isattempting to access. The graphical user interface 1000 may furtherinclude buttons to allow a user of the electronic device 200 to eitherallow or not allow the application to access the personal data. Forexample, the graphical user interface 1000 may include a ‘no’ button1030 to not allow the application to access the personal data or a ‘yes’button 1020 to allow the application to access the personal data. Assuch, a user of the electronic device 200 may be notified of each accessby an application to personal data that is monitored based on thepolicy. Thus, the graphical user interface 1000 may provide a user ofthe electronic device 200 with a gated decision associated withapplications attempting to access monitored personal data.

In some embodiments, a personal data access policy may be pushed to anelectronic device from a server when a user logs in to the electronicdevice.

In the description above and throughout, numerous specific details areset forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of an embodimentof this disclosure. It will be evident, however, to one of ordinaryskill in the art, that an embodiment may be practiced without thesespecific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devicesare shown in block diagram form to facilitate explanation. Thedescription of the preferred embodiments is not intended to limit thescope of the claims appended hereto. Further, in the method disclosedherein, various steps are disclosed illustrating some of the functionsof an embodiment. These steps are merely examples, and are not meant tobe limiting in any way. Other steps and functions may be contemplatedwithout departing from this disclosure or the scope of an embodiment.

What is claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory, computer-readable storagemedium having stored thereon instructions, which executed by a policymanagement module executing on a processor of a mobile communicationsdevice, cause the policy management module to: identify a first set ofpersonal data associated with the mobile communications device; receive,from a server, an analysis associated with the mobile communicationsdevice; generate a policy for the mobile communications device based onthe first set of personal data associated with the mobile communicationsdevice and based on the analysis received from the server, the generatedpolicy for identifying a second set of personal data stored on themobile communications device and for controlling access to the secondset of personal data; assign the policy to the mobile communicationsdevice; identify the second set of personal data stored on the mobilecommunications device based on the generated policy, the second set ofpersonal data being different from the first set of personal data;monitor the second set of personal data stored on the mobilecommunications device based on the generated policy; and detect arequest for access to the monitored data by an application that isexecuted on the mobile communications device.
 2. The computer-readablestorage medium of claim 1, wherein the analysis received from the serveris at least partly based on a presence of at least one applicationinstalled on the mobile communications device.
 3. The computer-readablestorage medium of claim 2, wherein the analysis received from the serveris further at least partly based on known access to the monitored dataperformed by the at least one application installed on the mobilecommunications device.
 4. The computer-readable storage medium of claim1, the instructions further causing the security component to: monitorthe first set of personal data associated with the mobile communicationsdevice based on the policy.
 5. The computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 1, wherein, when the application is associated with a containerwrapper, the step of detect the request for access to the monitored datais based on the application interacting with an interface of thecontainer wrapper.
 6. A system, comprising a mobile communicationsdevice with at least one processor and memory and instructions that whenexecuted by the at least one processor, cause a policy management moduleon the mobile communications device to: identify a first set of personaldata associated with the mobile communications device; receive, from aserver, an analysis associated with the mobile communications device;generate a policy for the mobile communications device based on thefirst set of personal data associated with the mobile communicationsdevice and based on the analysis received from the server, the generatedpolicy for identifying a second set of personal data stored on themobile communications device and for controlling access to the secondset of personal data; assign the policy to the mobile communicationsdevice; identify the second set of personal data stored on the mobilecommunications device based on the generated policy, the second set ofpersonal data being different from the first set of personal data;monitor the second set of personal data stored on the mobilecommunications device based on the generated policy; and detect arequest for access to the monitored data by an application that isexecuted on the mobile communications device.
 7. The system of claim 6,wherein the analysis received from the server is at least partly basedon a presence of at least one application installed on the mobilecommunications device.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the analysisreceived from the server is further at least partly based on knownaccess to the monitored data performed by the at least one applicationinstalled on the mobile communications device.
 9. The system of claim 6,the instructions further causing the security component to: monitor thefirst set of personal data associated with the mobile communicationsdevice based on the policy.
 10. The system of claim 6, wherein, when theapplication is associated with a container wrapper, the step of detectthe request for access to the monitored data is based on the applicationinteracting with an interface of the container wrapper.